Vahanavank

INFORMATION FOR VISITORS

Location: Situated 7 km west of the city of Kapan, Syunik Province, on the right bank of the Voghji River, on the slopes of Mount Tigranasar.
Coordinates: 39°11'31" N, 46°19'28" E.
Period: 9th-11th centuries.
Other Names: Monastery of Vahan Syuni.

OVERVIEW

Vahanavank is one of Armenia’s most remarkable medieval monastic complexes, located in the Syunik region, 7 km west of the city of Kapan, on the right bank of the Voghji River, nestled on the slopes of Mount Tigranasar. More than just a religious site, it is a historical and cultural treasure that captivates visitors with its stunning architecture, rich history, and enigmatic legends.

HISTORY

The monastery was founded in the 9th century by Vahan Syuni, the younger son of Prince Dzagik of Syunik, who found spiritual solace and healing in this sacred place. In 911, the first structure of the complex, the Church of St. Gregory the Illuminator, was built. Over time, Vahanavank evolved into a major spiritual and cultural center, housing a school and a library.

In the 11th century, the addition of the Church of the Holy Mother of God further emphasized the monastery's growing significance. Vahanavank also served as the royal burial ground for Syunik’s rulers, including Vahan Syuni, Queen Sopi, Prince Vachagan’s mother Khashush, King Smbat II, and his successors.

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

The main structure, the Church of St. Gregory the Illuminator, is a brilliant example of classical Armenian architecture, built in a domed basilica style. Its proportional design and the use of local tuff stone have ensured the durability of the structure.

The 11th-century Church of the Holy Mother of God is smaller but exquisitely adorned with intricate khachkars (cross-stones) and elaborate carvings. The sculpted entrance bears testament to the craftsmanship of medieval Armenian artisans.

The complex also includes a gavit (narthex), monks’ cells, utility buildings, and a school, all of which played essential roles in the monastery’s religious and daily life. The gavit is distinguished by its intersecting arches, creating a rich spatial composition.

Strategically located with a panoramic view of the Voghji River gorge, the monastery held both spiritual and defensive importance. Surrounded by breathtaking natural beauty, Vahanavank's majestic presence is further enhanced by its dramatic setting.

PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION

Archaeological excavations began in 1966 and continued for over four decades, uncovering pre-Christian burial sites that confirmed the area's ancient history. Restoration efforts started in 1978, successfully preserving the Church of St. Gregory the Illuminator, the gavit, and the columned hall.

Between 2006 and 2009, further renovations restored the complex’s main structures while maintaining their original appearance. The Church of the Holy Mother of God was previously restored during the Soviet era.

LOCAL TRADITIONS AND CULTURE

Vahanavank is shrouded in fascinating legends. One tale recounts that Prince Vahan, who suffered from mental illness in his youth, was miraculously healed by the monks of Shativank. In gratitude, he built a monastery in his name, dedicating his life to faith.

Another legend suggests that the monastery was inspired by the consecration of Tatev Monastery, prompting the rulers of Syunik to establish a similar spiritual center within their domain.

There is also a mystical belief that Vahanavank once housed a sacred relic that safeguarded the monastery. It is said that this relic protected the site through centuries of wars and natural disasters.

More than just a jewel of medieval Armenian architecture, Vahanavank stands as a powerful historical monument that preserves the grandeur of Syunik’s past. If your goal is to uncover Armenia’s hidden treasures, this monastery undoubtedly belongs on your must-visit list.

Source: "Vahanavank" by Gr. Grigoryan